ADHD in Children

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly diagnosed in childhood. There are three main types of ADHD in children, as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). These types are primarily categorized based on the prominent symptoms observed in individuals:

1. Predominantly Inattentive Presentation (ADHD-PI): Children with predominantly inattentive presentation, also known as attention-deficit disorder (ADD), exhibit significant difficulties with attention and focus. They often struggle to sustain attention, become easily distracted, and have trouble organizing tasks. They may appear forgetful, avoid activities requiring sustained mental effort, and have difficulty following instructions. Hyperactivity and impulsivity are generally less pronounced in this type.
2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation (ADHD-HI): In a predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation, children display excessive hyperactivity and impulsivity, but their ability to maintain attention may be relatively intact. These children are often restless, fidgety, and have difficulty staying seated. They may talk excessively, interrupt others, and have trouble waiting their turn. They may also engage in impulsive behaviors without considering the consequences.
3. Combined Presentation (ADHD-C): Children with combined presentation exhibit symptoms from the inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive categories. They demonstrate a significant level of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This is the most common presentation of ADHD in children, where symptoms can impair multiple areas of their daily functioning, such as academic performance, social interactions, and emotional regulation.

It is essential to understand that ADHD is a spectrum disorder, and the symptoms can vary in severity and presentation from one individual to another. A comprehensive assessment by a qualified healthcare professional is necessary to diagnose ADHD and determine the most appropriate treatment plan for each child. Treatment may involve a combination of behavioral interventions, psychoeducation, and medication, depending on the child’s specific needs.

If your child exhibits any ADHD symptoms, contact your pediatrician.